Santa Barbara, California • February 23, 1942 [dropcap]J[/dropcap]apanese submarines initiated the first shore bombardments of the war with an attack on the U.S. Navy base at Johnston Island in the Pacific in mid-December 1941, just days after Japanese carrier-based planes had destroyed, in their surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, one‑half of the United States’…
Munich, Germany • February 22, 1943 [dropcap]O[/dropcap]n this date in 1943 siblings Sophie (age 21) and Hans Scholl (24) and their friend Christoph Probst (24), members of the underground White Rose (Weisse Rose) resistance circle, were charged with sedition for writing, printing, and distributing anti-Nazi leaflets; “tried” by “Hitler’s Hanging Judge,” the notorious Nazi jurist…
SHAEF HQ, Reims, France • February 21, 1945 [dropcap]O[/dropcap]n this date in 1945 U.S. fighter-bombers attacked the Berghof, Adolf Hitler’s three-story Alpine retreat on the 6,700‑foot/2,042‑meter Obersalzberg near Berchtesgaden on the Bavarian-Austrian border. The Berghof, bought and developed with royalties from the sale of Hitler’s crackpot political testimony, Mein Kampf (My Struggle), served as an…
London, England • February 20, 1944 [dropcap]O[/dropcap]n this date in 1944, while Soviet armed forces were ridding their country of the German Wehrmacht (German armed forces) on the Eastern Front, U.S. and British air forces embarked on Operation Argument in the skies over the Western Front. Unofficially dubbed “Big Week,” Operation Argument was an intensive…
Washington, D.C. • February 19, 1942 [dropcap]E[/dropcap]ighty-four years ago on this date in 1942, celebrated today as the Day of Remembrance, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066. It authorized the War Department to designate “military areas” in the U.S. and admit, exclude, or remove from these areas anyone whom the department felt to…
Hsinking (Changchun), Manchukuo • February 18, 1932 [dropcap]T[/dropcap]he Meiji Restoration of Imperial rule in Japan in 1868 resulted in the downfall of that country’s powerful military commanders, the shoguns, and the Japanese samurai warrior class. Partly as a concession to the samurai, the Japanese government embarked on an aggressive foreign policy in Manchuria in Northeastern China…
Task Force 58 Off Truk (Chuuk), Central Pacific • February 17, 1944 [dropcap]C[/dropcap]huuk Lagoon, known up to 1990 as Truk Lagoon, is a sheltered body of water in the Central Pacific north of New Guinea. Consisting of 11 major islands, Chuuk is part of the larger Caroline Islands group. Truk was part of the Spanish East Indies…
Washington, D.C. • February 16, 1942 [dropcap]I[/dropcap]n the wake of the December 7, 1941, Japanese attack on U.S. naval and army bases at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, President Franklin D. Roosevelt settled on the U.S. Marine Corps as the home for a new commando-type force in the mold of British special operations forces to take the…
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Cassino, Italy • February 15, 1944 [dropcap]O[/dropcap]n this date in 1944 British Gen. Sir Harold Alexander, the highly decorated commander in chief of all Allied forces in the Mediterranean Theater, ordered the aerial bombing of the historic Benedictine abbey towering majestically over the town of Cassino on the banks of the Rapido (Gari) River in…