Nuremberg, Germany • November 21, 1945 On this date in 1945 in Germany the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg Trials) of Nazi leaders got down to business in the Bavarian city where Adolf Hitler had staged his 1930s showy Nazi Party rallies. The legal basis for the trials was established by the London Charter, issued by…
Ulithi Atoll, Caroline Islands, Western Pacific • November 20, 1944 On this date in November 1944, an hour before daybreak, 3 Japanese Kaitens—human-piloted torpedoes—wakelessly and silently motored eastward through an opening in the coral reef that surrounded the 212‑sq. mile/596‑sq. km Ulithi lagoon in the Caroline Islands. Up until early 1945 Ulithi Atoll was the U.S….
Stalingrad, Soviet Union • November 19, 1942 On this date in 1942 the Soviets kicked off Operation Uranus, Phase I of the Red Army’s encirclement of Gen. Friedrich Paulus’ Sixth Army (the single-largest German troop formation), as well as the German Fourth Panzer Army and the Third and Fourth Romanian armies at Stalingrad (today’s Volgograd)….
Tobruk, Cyrenaica, Eastern Libya • November 18, 1941 On this date in 1941 the British Eighth Army, an assortment of British, Commonwealth, Indian, and other Allied servicemen commanded by Lt. Gen. Alan Cunningham (from November 26 by Lt. Gen. Neil Ritchie), launched a surprise military operation from Egyptian territory against Axis forces in Eastern Libya…
Rome, Italy • November 17, 1938 On July 14, 1938, Italy’s Manifesto of Racial Scientists (Manifesto Degli Scienziati Razzisti) laid out a scientific explanation for the politics of biological racism. Signed by 42 eminent Italians, the manifesto, published in Il Giornale d’Italia, a newspaper strongly supporting Benito Mussolini’s Fascist regime, declared that Italians belonged to…
Huertgen, Germany • November 16, 1944 On September 19, 1944, elements of Lt. Gen. Courtney Hodges’ First U.S. Army entered the 10‑mile/16‑kilometer-wide, 20‑mile/16‑kilometer-long Huertgen Forest (Hürtgenwald) southeast of Aachen. The ancient capital of Holy Roman emperor Charlemagne and a northern node on Germany’s “dragons’ teeth” defensive Westwall (known to the Allies as the 390‑mile/628‑kilometer-long Siegfried…
Gérer un compte sur une plateforme de jeu en ligne comme fatpirate doit être une expérience fluide et sécurisée. Que vous soyez un joueur débutant ou expérimenté, comprendre comment naviguer dans votre compte Fatpirate Casino vous permettra de profiter pleinement de ses nombreuses fonctionnalités sans tracas. Dans cet article, nous vous guidons pas à pas…
Cologne, Germany • November 15, 1944 As the Allied offensive wore on west of the Rhine River, dozens of German tank and infantry divisions gathered on this date in 1944 in assembly areas northwest of the city of Cologne and in the thick forest cover of the Eiffel mountains. Conceived by Adolf Hitler, the multi-stage…
Prague, Occupied Czechoslovakia • November 14, 1944 On this date in German-occupied Czechoslovakia Lt. Gen. Andrei (Andrey) Andreievich Vlasov read aloud the Prague Manifesto to members of the newly created Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia. Among its 14 principles, the Prague Manifesto guaranteed freedom of speech, press, religion, and assembly, as well…
Utah Beach, Liberated France • November 13, 1944 On this date in 1944 Utah Beach ceased operations as an offloading site for men and supplies intended for Allied armies chasing eastward-fleeing Germans across France. Utah Beach was 1 of 5 Normandy invasion beaches where Allied men at arms and military equipment came ashore to liberate German-occupied…
