Warsaw, Poland • August 30, 1939 After his sudden decision on Friday, August 25, 1939, to cancel his invasion of Poland, Adolf Hitler ordered preparations for a second planned invasion of his neighbor to the east. From the Army’s Quartermaster General he learned that the earliest date on which mobilization could be completed was Thursday,…
Tokyo, Japan • August 29, 1944 From the summer of 1944 to the spring of 1945, Japanese forces continued their retreat from military outposts in Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Japanese losses in personnel, warships, and airplanes were minimized by frontline commanders, who exaggerated Japanese military successes against the Allied enemy in reports to Imperial…
London, England; Paris, France; Warsaw, Poland • August 28, 1939 Public opinion in Europe had shifted from dread of war and a longing for peace evident in the Czech Sudeten crisis of September 1938 to a fatalistic acceptance that war over Poland was now unavoidable. In Germany even Adolf Hitler’s political opponents assumed that if the…
Berlin, Germany; Warsaw, Poland; and London, England • August 27, 1939 On this date in 1939, just a day after Adolf Hitler aborted his plan to invade his eastern neighbor, Poland, German mobilization continued. Between August 25 and 31, a further 21 infantry divisions and 2 motorized divisions were in place along the German-Polish frontier. No reserve units were…
Montford Point, North Carolina • August 26, 1942 On this date in 1942, 12 miles/19 km upriver from the new whites-only amphibious training camp at Camp Lejeune, the first set of black Marine Corps recruits set up a segregated recruit depot of their own. The training camp, named Montford Point, was a satellite camp of Camp Lejeune…
Paris, France • August 25, 1944 On this date Nazi Germany’s Paris garrison surrendered the French capital to elements of French Maj. Gen. Jacques Philippe Leclerc’s 2nd Armored Division. A little more than 4 years before, the German Wehrmacht (armed forces) goose-stepped into Paris on June 14, 1940, a month after mounting simultaneous attacks on neighboring Netherlands, Belgium,…
Berlin, Germany • August 24, 1941 On this date in 1941 Adolf Hitler cancelled the Aktion T-4 euthanasia program that he had personally put in place in September 1939. Normally Hitler had a policy of not issuing written instructions for policies relating to what would later be called crimes against humanity, but he made an…
Moscow, Soviet Union • August 23, 1939 At least since April 1939 Adolf Hitler was determined to end the existence of Poland, a country of just over 35 million people lying on Germany’s eastern border. But conquering that nation was fraught with danger because Poland shared a border with the Soviet Union, Hitler’s long-time bogeyman. The…
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Obersalzberg, Bavaria, Germany • August 22, 1939 Adolf Hitler’s foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop was just about to affix his signature to the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact (aka Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact) in Moscow, when, on this date, August 22, 1939, the Fuehrer summoned the commanders of his various armed forces and other officers to the Berghof, his palatial Bavarian…
