Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands • January 15, 1943 On this date in 1943 M1 portable flamethrowers were used successfully in combat for the first time relatively late in the 6‑month Battle of Guadalcanal (August 7, 1942, to February 9, 1943). In one attack by U.S. Marines several 2‑man flamethrowing teams crawled close enough to 3 Japanese bunkers to burn…
Casablanca, French Morocco • January 14, 1943 On this date in 1943 U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and their respective Chiefs of Staff opened a 10‑day strategy conference in Casablanca, a seaside resort halfway down the Moroccan coast in Northwest Africa. (Casablanca was a significant venue, chosen to underscore the liberation…
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Saarbruecken, Saarland, Germany • January 13, 1935 On this date in 1935 Germans held a plebiscite in the only part of Germany that remained under foreign occupation following their country’s defeat in World War I—the Saar region, or Saarland in German. The wealth of its coal deposits and their large-scale industrial exploitation, coupled with its location on…
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Moscow, Soviet Union • January 12, 1945 On New Year’s Day 1945 Germans of every stripe faced the stark reality of impending defeat. That reality materialized in the cacophony of the opening salvos of the Soviet Union’s offensive on Germany’s eastern frontier, the Vistula-Oder operation, that began on this date in 1945. The strongest Soviet…
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Washington, D. C. • January 11, 1942 On this date in 1942 the German Kriegsmarine launched Operation Drumbeat (Unternehmen Paukenschlag, or “roll of the kettledrums”), intending to destroy U.S. coastal shipping, particularly oil shipments from the Gulf of Mexico, and disrupt the stream of troops and key resources (e.g., agricultural products, steel, and oil) crossing…
Outside Stalingrad, Southern Russia • January 10, 1943 The contest between the German Wehrmacht (armed forces) and the Red Army for possession of Stalingrad (August 23, 1942, to February 2, 1943) proved to be the most strategically decisive battle on Germany’s Eastern Front and arguably of World War II. Known today as Volgograd, Stalingrad (population 400,000) occupied the west…
Ulithi Atoll, Caroline Islands, Western Pacific • January 9, 1945 Toward the end of 1943, the Japanese high command in Tokyo recognized the unfavorable progress of the war that shrank their nation’s watery outer defense perimeter closer and closer to the 4 Home Islands themselves as the Allies seized one Pacific island after another. Seemingly overnight…