FRENCH RESISTANCE

  • Les Parisiennes: How the Women of Paris Lived, Loved, and Died Under Nazi Occupation

    “Anne Sebba has the nearly miraculous gift of combining the vivid intimacy of the lives of women during The Occupation with the history of the time. This is a remarkable book.” ―Edmund de Waal, New York Times bestselling author of The Hare with the Amber Eyes

    New York Times bestselling author Anne Sebba explores a devastating period in Paris’s history and tells the stories of how women survived―or didn’t―during the Nazi occupation.

    Paris in the 1940s was a place of fear, power, aggression, courage, deprivation, and secrets. During the occupation, the swastika flew from the Eiffel Tower and danger lurked on every corner. While Parisian men were either fighting at the front or captured and forced to work in German factories, the women of Paris were left behind where they would come face to face with the German conquerors on a daily basis, as waitresses, shop assistants, or wives and mothers, increasingly desperate to find food to feed their families as hunger became part of everyday life.

    When the Nazis and the puppet Vichy regime began rounding up Jews to ship east to concentration camps, the full horror of the war was brought home and the choice between collaboration and resistance became unavoidable. Sebba focuses on the role of women, many of whom faced life and death decisions every day. After the war ended, there would be a fierce settling of accounts between those who made peace with or, worse, helped the occupiers and those who fought the Nazis in any way they could.

  • FRENCH SCUTTLE FLEET TO AVOID CAPTURE

    Toulon Harbor, French Mediterranean · November 27, 1942 Between November 10 and 12, 1942, Germany and Italy engaged in a joint opera­tion (German, Unter­nehmen Anton, or Case Anton) to occupy Marshal Philippe Pétain’s Vichy France, the French Riviera, and the French Medi­ter­ra­nean island of Cor­sica. These three areas com­prised the so-called “Free Zone,” which was…

  • FRENCH HOSTAGES TO DIE TIT FOR TAT

    Paris, Occupied France · September 28, 1941 On this date in 1941, in the wake of the first public assas­si­na­tion of a Ger­man officer in France, the Ger­man mili­tary autho­rities issued a Code of Hos­tages to the French people. Pools of French­men, whether detained by French autho­ri­ties or by the Ger­man Wehr­macht (armed forces) or the…

  • TERROR SHOOTING IN PARIS METRO

    Paris, Occupied France · August 21, 1941 On this date in 1941 in Paris a 22‑year-old Communist member of the French Resis­tance named Pierre Georges (noms de guerre, Frédo and Colonel Fabien) fired two bullets into the back of Alfons Moser, a young Ger­man naval officer, at the Barbès-Roche­chouart metro station. These were the opening shots…

  • PARIS PARALYZED ON EVE OF LIBERATION

    Paris, Occupied France · August 10, 1944 On August 1, 1944, almost two months after the initial D-Day landings in Nor­mandy, France, more than 14,000 per­son­nel and equip­ment from Gen. Philippe Leclerc’s Free French 2nd Armored Divi­sion began landing on Utah Beach. Leclerc (1902–1947) juggled three roles: He was a sub­ordi­nate divi­sional com­mander in an Amer­i­can…

  • FRENCH FLYER SAINT-EXUPÉRY DISAPPEARS

    Marseille, Occupied France · July 31, 1944 On this date in 1944 French poet, writer, and pio­neering aviator Antoine de Saint-Exupéry vanished on a recon­nais­sance flight off the Medit­er­ranean coast near Marseille, France. Best known for his 1943 novella The Little Prince (Le Petit Prince), and to a lesser extent for books about his avi­a­tion…

  • SPECIAL OPERATIONS EXECUTIVE (SOE) CREATED

    London, England · July 22, 1940 On this date in 1940 the British government created the Special Opera­tions Exec­u­tive (SOE) organi­za­tion. For security pur­poses the SOE was con­cealed behind the name “Inter-Service Research Bureau.” (At the time the SOE was variously refer­red to as “the Baker Street Irregu­lars,” “Chur­chill’s Secret Army,” or the “Minis­try of…

  • FRENCH RESISTANCE TAKES ON WEHRMACHT

    Mont Mouchet, South Central France · June 20, 1944 During the Allied invasion of France (Operation Overlord), the Maquis and other French resis­tance groups played a role in delaying the arri­val of Ger­man rein­force­ments to the Nor­mandy beach­head as well as in the even­tual Allied vic­tory in France. The FFI (Forces Fran­çaises de l’Inte­rieur for…

  • CHURCHILL TO BRITISH: “BRACE YOURSELVES”

    London, England · June 18, 1940 Four days after the fall of Paris to Ger­man invaders, Charles de Gaulle, a tall (6 ft, 5 in/­196 mm), young (49), rela­tively un­known French gene­ral who had escaped to Eng­land on June 17, 1940, ad­dressed the French people in a radio broad­cast from Lon­don on this date in 1940. In a…

  • CHURCHILL-DE GAULLE MISSTEP ON D-DAY EVE

    London, England · June 2, 1944 In June 1943 in Algeria, North Africa, the Free French founded the French Com­mit­tee of National Libera­tion. Much poli­tical maneu­vering was needed to merge the Free French, whose nu­cleus con­sisted of French­men who had escaped German capture at Dunkirk, the Channel port in North­eastern France (May 26 to June…