JEWS

  • GERMAN TROOPS ENTER PARIS; FRENCH GOVERNMENT FLEES

    Paris, Occupied France · June 14, 1940 On this date in 1940 German troops marched into a half-empty Paris, forcing the French govern­ment to move to Tours, then to Bor­deaux on the French Atlantic coast, where for the third time since the Franco-Prussian war of 1870–71 it set up an im­promptu national head­quarters. In a…

  • HEYDRICH’S DEATH UNLEASHES HORRIFIC REPRISALS

    Berlin, Germany · June 9, 1942 On this date in 1942, with the full leadership of the Third Reich in atten­dance, Nazi “martyr” Rein­hard Hey­drich was eulo­gized in one of the most elab­o­rate fune­rals ever staged in Berlin. (Hey­drich had been added by Adolf Hitler to the “honor­ary list of the Fallen of the Nazi…

  • PIUS XII IS NEW VATICAN HEAD

    Rome, Italy • March 2, 1939 On this date in 1939 in Vatican City, Roman Catholic Cardi­nal Eugenio Pacelli was elected pope on his sixty-third birth­day. His coro­nation took place ten days later. Son of a Vatican lawyer, Pacelli took the name Pius XII. Pius’ actions during the Holo­caust are contro­ver­sial. Critics have accused him of…

  • ASSASSIN MORTALLY WOUNDS GERMAN DIPLOMAT IN PARIS

    Paris, France • November 7, 1938 On this date in 1938, 17-year-old Herschel Grynszpan, an unem­ployed German-born Polish Jew living illegally in the French capital, severely wounded Ernst vom Rath, Third Secre­tary at the German embassy on the Rue de Lille on Paris’s Left Bank. He shot Rath, the young assassin told French authori­ties, to…

  • ALLIES DENOUNCE NAZI KILLING OF JEWS

    Washington, D.C. and London, England • December 17, 1942 In remarks he made to 14 senior Nazis at a top-secret con­fer­ence in the fashion­able Berlin suburb of Wann­see on Janu­ary 22, 1942, 38‑year-old SS-Ober­gruppen­fuehrer Rein­hard Hey­drich, chief of the Reich Security Head [or Main] Office as also head of the German secret police apparatus, spoke of…

  • Sons and Soldiers: The Untold Story of the Jews Who Escaped the Nazis and Returned with the U.S. Army to Fight Hitler

    NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • “An irresistible history of the WWII Jewish refugees who returned to Europe to fight the Nazis.” —Newsday

    They were young Jewish boys who escaped from Nazi-occupied Europe and resettled in America. After the United States entered the war, they returned to fight for their adopted homeland and for the families they had left behind. Their stories tell the tale of one of the U.S. Army’s greatest secret weapons.

    Sons and Soldiers begins during the menacing rise of Hitler’s Nazi party, as Jewish families were trying des-perately to get out of Europe. Bestselling author Bruce Henderson captures the heartbreaking stories of parents choosing to send their young sons away to uncertain futures in America, perhaps never to see them again. As these boys became young men, they were determined to join the fight in Europe. Henderson describes how they were recruited into the U.S. Army and how their unique mastery of the German language and psychology was put to use to interrogate German prisoners of war.

    These young men—known as the Ritchie Boys, after the Maryland camp where they trained—knew what the Nazis would do to them if they were captured. Yet they leapt at the opportunity to be sent in small, elite teams to join every major combat unit in Europe, where they collected key tactical intelligence on enemy strength, troop and armored movements, and defensive positions that saved American lives and helped win the war. A postwar army report found that nearly 60 percent of the credible intelligence gathered in Europe came from the Ritchie Boys.

    Sons and Soldiers draws on original interviews and extensive archival research to vividly re-create the stories of six of these men, tracing their journeys from childhood through their escapes from Europe, their feats and sacri-fices during the war, and finally their desperate attempts to find their missing loved ones. Sons and Soldiers is an epic story of heroism, courage, and patriotism that will not soon be forgotten.

  • NAZIS JAIL OUTSPOKEN PASTOR MARTIN NIEMOELLER

    Berlin, Germany • July 1, 1937 On this date in 1937 the Gestapo (German secret police) arrested out­spoken Lutheran theo­logian and pastor Martin Nie­moeller. The next year Nie­moeller, still incar­ce­rated, was tried by a three-judge “special court” (a Nazi Sonder­gericht) for acti­vi­ties against the State. Nie­moeller’s court-appointed defense coun­sel defended the cleric, insisting Nie­moeller had raised…

  • ROMANIA’S CENTER GOVERNMENT FALLS, FASCISTS IN?

    Bucharest, Romania · December 21, 1937 On this date in 1937 Romania’s last free elections (until 1990) ended in the ouster of the middle-of-the road Na­tion­al Libe­ral govern­ment. The Libe­rals, who remained the largest party in parlia­ment, were unable to form a coali­tion govern­ment with the next 2 runner-up par­ties. A week later King Carol II named the…

  • ALLIES CONDEMN NAZI KILLING OF JEWS

    Washington, D.C. and London, England · December 17, 1942 In remarks he made to senior Nazis at a conference in the Berlin suburb of Wann­see on Janu­ary 22, 1942, SS-Ober­gruppen­fuehrer Rein­hard Hey­drich, chief of the Reich Security Head Office and head of the Ger­man secret police apparatus, spoke of “prac­tical experi­ence” that was being col­lected “in…

  • NAZI ATROCITY IN RUMBULA FOREST

    Riga, Occupied Latvia · November 30, 1941 On November 25 and 29, 1941, Einsatz­gruppe 3 (Special Task Group 3), one of many SS (short for Schutz­staffel) mobile death squads oper­ating behind German front lines, mur­dered 5,000 “Reich Jews,” that is, Ger­man- and Austrian-born Jews. These men, women, and chil­dren had arrived in the Baltic ghetto…